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How satellite orbits shape a mission

Altitude, inclination and eccentricity describe very different ways to circle Earth.

LEO, MEO and GEO

Low Earth orbit moves rapidly across an observer's sky. Medium Earth orbits are common in navigation networks. Geostationary-like classifications here use period and inclination thresholds; they do not guarantee a perfectly fixed spacecraft.

Mean altitude and instantaneous height

The list's mean altitude is a Keplerian semimajor-axis estimate. Selected-object altitude is measured above the WGS84 ellipsoid using the propagated state, not by subtracting a sphere from a geocentric distance.

Models and scale

Official assets represent published spacecraft configurations. Generic models use estimated proportions. Marker and model exaggeration are artistic controls independent of orbital geometry.